Paper 1 · Section B · ἠθική

Moral Philosophy

Normative theories, their application to real dilemmas, and what — if anything — moral claims are about.

Utilitarianism

Bentham's act utilitarianism, Mill's higher pleasures, rule and preference utilitarianism, and the objections.

The good will, duty, the categorical imperative's formulations, and the problems of conflicting duties and consequences.

Eudaimonia, the function argument, the doctrine of the mean, voluntariness and the action-guidance objection.

Applying the three theories to stealing, simulated killing, eating animals and telling lies.

Realism (naturalism, non-naturalism) and anti-realism (error theory, emotivism, prescriptivism).